Feed Ingredients

Feed

Feed is all that can be eaten by cattle and did not interfere with his health. In general understanding of feed (feed) used for animals which includes quantitative, qualitative, continuity and balance feed substances contained therein. (Anonymous, 2009).

Feed is anything that can be given as a source of energy and nutrients, feed the term is often replaced with feed raw materials, in fact frequent irregularities that indicate the use of the word to be replaced as a raw material feed feed that has been processed into pellet, crumble or mash. (Anonymous, 2008).

Feed Ingredients

The feed material is (material fodder) is anything that can be given to livestock either in the form of organic or inorganic materials which some or all may be digested without disturbing the health of livestock. (Anonymous, 2009).

Feed materials composed of organic and inorganic materials. Organic materials contained in the feed material, protein, fat, crude fiber, material extract without nitrogen, being inorganic materials such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium. This organic matter content can be determined by proximate analysis and analysis of vitamins and minerals for each component of vitamins and minerals contained in the materials carried out in laboratories with specific techniques and tools. (Anonymous, 2009).

By (Anonymous, 2008) the material is divided into two parts, namely conventional feed ingredients and feed materials substitution.

Conventional feed materials are raw materials that are often used in the feed which generally have sufficient nutrition (eg proteins) and palatable. Conventional feed materials are macro materials, as well as corn, soybean meal, wheat, fish meal and other ingredients.

Raw materials derived from material that has not been widely used as an industrial byproduct materials from the meter or livestock and fisheries. Feed of the nutritional content is still sufficient to be processed into feed. The feed material usually comes from industrial followup metered or livestock and fisheries.

Rations

Rations are finished feed given to cattle that are ready compiled from various types of feedstuffs that have been calculated (calculated) previously based on the needs of industry and energy required. (Anonymous, 2008).

By (Anonymous, 2008) based on its shape ration is divided into three types: namely mash, pellets, and crumble.

Mash is the simplest form of ration which is a mixture of powder (flour) and granules.

Pellet is a ration that is derived from a variety of feedstuffs with the composition ratio has been calculated and determined. The material is processed using pellet machine (pelletizer) to reduce the loss of nutrients in the form of a more intact.

Shaped pellet rations were broken up into 2-3 parts to reduce the size to be eaten livestock. Excess shaped pellet ration is more equitable distribution of the feed material so easy to prevent loss of nutrients and not scattered at the time the cattle consumed.

Concentrate

Based on the nutritional content, the concentrate is divided into two groups, namely concentrate as a source of energy and as a source of protein. Concentrate as a source of protein if the protein content of more than 18%, Total Digestible Nutrition (TDN) of 60%. There concentrate derived from animals and plants. Contains protein derived from animals of more than 47%. Mineral Ca more than 1% and P more than 1.5% and crude fiber content of below 2.5%. Examples: fish meal, milk powder, meat meal, blood meal, feather meal and flour worms. Derived from plants, the protein content below 47%, below 1% mineral Ca and P below 1.5% crude fiber more than 2.5%. Examples: soybean meal, cotton seed meal, sunflower meal, sesame meal, soybean meal, coconut cake, palm oil cake etc. Concentrate as an energy source when the protein content below 18%, 60% TDN and fiber roughness of more than 10%. Examples: bran, corn, flour and spices. (Anonymous, 2009).

Additive substances

Additive substance is a substance that needs to be added in an amount relative little is sometimes necessary to supplement the rations were prepared, which serves as a flavor enhancer, a mixture of amino acids and a vitamin mix. (Anonymous, 2009).

Additive substance is a substance or combination of materials commonly used in feed mixtures used in small amounts to meet specific needs, such as spur growth, increase the digestibility such as antibiotics, hormones, probiotics, dye, flavor. (Anonymous, 2009).

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